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Additionally, ongoing corruption accusations, ranging from minor to serious, further eroded his legitimacy. In response to this internal crisis, APRA began restructuring. This shift introduced a more social-democratic and moderate line within the party, with Alva Castro emerging as the favorite in the APRA primaries for the elections, though his popularity seemed insufficient for victory.

The Peruvian left, meanwhile, was also in crisis.

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Failed attempts to nationalize the banks and internal divisions between United Left, represented by Henry Pease, and Socialist Left, led by Alfonso Barrantes, caused significant wear. Although Barrantes initially emerged as the favored candidate for the left, his campaign lost momentum as it progressed. In this context, a new candidate emerged: Alberto Fujimori, an independent of Japanese descent and former rector of the Agrarian University, who led the Change 90 movement.

During the debate, Fujimori capitalized on a leaked headline prematurely declaring Vargas Llosa the winner, criticizing media bias and appealing to popular distrust of the establishment.

Note from Cecile Guidote about Senator Keino May 2, · Note concerning “Major Religious Superiors of the Philippines” · Copy.

The final result was unexpected: Fujimori won with Nevertheless, he was stripped of his seat and parliamentary immunity, allowing the judiciary to proceed with its investigation. Notable cases included the Mirage Case, concerning the purchase of Mirage aircraft during his first term, a deal allegedly involving bribes and irregular payments, inflating the cost and diverting funds.

The investigations were surrounded by controversies and missteps. Although Olivera claimed the briefcase held crucial evidence, years later Manuel Dammert suggested it contained nothing relevant and that Olivera, blinded by personal vendetta, had hindered the case. After years of instability and disputes with the Legislature, Fujimori dissolved Congress—a move widely viewed as a coup.

On one hand, avoiding prison and presenting himself as a political target helped him internationally, but not domestically.