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Johann Sebastian Bach [ n 1 ] 31 March [ O. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival , he has been widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. The Bach family already had several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician, Johann Ambrosius , in Eisenach.

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In he was hired as Thomaskantor cantor at St Thomas's in Leipzig. There he composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city and its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum. In he began publishing his keyboard and organ music. In Leipzig, as had happened during some of his earlier positions, he had difficult relations with his employer.

This situation was somewhat remedied when his sovereign, Augustus III of Poland , granted him the title of court composer in In the last decades of his life, Bach reworked and extended many of his earlier compositions. He died of complications after a botched eye surgery in at the age of Bach enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint , harmonic and motivic organisation, [ 3 ] and his adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly Italy and France.

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His compositions include hundreds of cantatas , both sacred and secular. He composed Latin church music , Passions , oratorios , and motets. He often adopted Lutheran hymns , not only in his larger vocal works but, for instance, also in his four-part chorales and his sacred songs. Bach wrote extensively for organ and for other keyboard instruments.

He composed concertos , for instance for violin and for harpsichord , and suites , as chamber music as well as for orchestra. Many of his works use contrapuntal techniques like canon and fugue.